HEAD TRAUMA

Most head trauma involves injuries that are minor and don't require hospitalization. However, dial 911 or call for emergency medical assistance if any of the following signs are apparent:

1. Severe head or facial bleeding
2. Change in level of consciousness for more than a few seconds
3. Black-and-blue discoloration below the eyes or behind the ears
4. Cessation of breathing
5. Confusion
6. Loss of balance
7. Weakness or an inability to use an arm or leg
8. Unequal pupil size
9. Repeated vomiting
10. Slurred speech

If severe head trauma occurs:

1. Keep the person still. Until medical help arrives, keep the person who sustained the injury lying down and quiet in a darkened room, with the head and shoulders slightly elevated. Don't move the person unless necessary and avoid moving the person's neck.

2. Stop any bleeding. Apply firm pressure to the wound with sterile gauze or a clean cloth. But don't apply direct pressure to the wound if you suspect a skull fracture.

3. Watch for changes in breathing and alertness. If the person shows no signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement), begin CPR.

BACK

The City of Ashland Division of Fire does not present this information as a substitute for professional medical advice, emergency treatment or formal first-aid training. Do not use this information to diagnose or develop a treatment plan for a health problem or disease without consulting a qualified health care provider. If ever you're in a life-threatening or emergency medical situation, seek medical assistance immediately.